英語四六級(jí)預(yù)測(cè)
一、長城
說到中國文化,不得不提到長城。從公元前7世紀(jì)到公元16世紀(jì)，在大約2 200年的時(shí)間里，先后有19個(gè)朝代修建過長城，所修的長城長達(dá)10萬千米以上。主要的長城修建工程是在秦代、漢代和明代完成的。現(xiàn)今存有遺跡的主要是明長城,從東邊入?？诘纳胶ｊP(guān)(Shanhai Pass)開始，一直 到沙漠深處的嘉峪關(guān)(liayu Pass),全長6 700千米。長城是世界歷史上最偉大的工程之一其建造時(shí)間之長、參與人數(shù)之多、工程難度之大,在世界上無出其右。
When it comes to Chinese culture, the Great Wall is theone that will be definitely referred to. Through about 2200years from the 7th century BC to the 16th century AD, theGreat Wall was built in 19 dynasties and reached a totallength of more than 100 000 kilometers. The major construction was carried out in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties. The Great Wall we visit nowadays is mainly theGreat wall of the Ming Dynasty, stretching 6 700 kilometersfrom Shanhai Pass at the eastern river mouth to Jiayu Passin the depths of desert. The Great Wallis one of the greatest projects in the history of the world for its unparalleled span of construction, amount of labor and difficulty.
二、中國漢字
近年來,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長,中國的國際影響力提升了,世界上學(xué)漢字的人也多了起來。這套獨(dú)特的符號(hào)系統(tǒng)積淀了豐富的歷史文化內(nèi)容,西方人在學(xué)漢字的過程中甚至能體會(huì)到這個(gè)東方民族細(xì)膩的思想。如今在中國，漢字也越來越受到人們的重視。人們發(fā)現(xiàn),這一文字符號(hào)包含著豐富的文化內(nèi)涵和審美意蘊(yùn),在科技飛速發(fā)展的今天，反而越來越顯示出它的光彩。古老的文字在現(xiàn)代的文化生活中煥發(fā)出新的魅力。
With its rapid economic development in recent years,China's international influence has increased, so the nmber of Chinese character learners across the world hasbeen on the rise. This unique symbol system has accumulated rich historical and cultural contents in it. When Western people le arm Chinese characters, they can even appreciate the delicate thoughts of this oriental
nation. Nowadays, growing importance is attached to Chinese characters in China. It is found that the glamor ofthe character symbols with rich cultural and aesthetic connotations is increasingly shown especially in the current society with rapid development of science and technology. The ancient characters are revitalized in modern culture.
三、笛子
笛子是一一種來自中國古代的樂器,也是中國樂器中最具代表性的吹奏禾器(wind instrument)之-。中國竹笛(the Chinese bamboo flute)是中國傳統(tǒng)音樂中常用的樂器之-，也常在西洋交響樂團(tuán)(the Western symphony orchestra)和現(xiàn)代音樂中得以運(yùn)用。笛子在中國古人的觀念中早已被賦予了“文化”的含義,有著不可替代的深遠(yuǎn)影響。詩人們過去常常以聽到笛聲后的感受作詩。在樂隊(duì)中,笛子作為一種吹奏樂器有著舉足輕重的地位,被稱作“民樂之王”。
The flute is a musical instrument from ancient Chinaand also one of the most representative wind instrumentsin Chinese musical instruments. As one of the musical instruments commonly used in traditional Chinese music,the Chinese bamboo flute often finds its use in the Westernsymphony orchestras and modern music as well. Endowedwith the connotation of "culture" in ancient Chinese concepts for a long time, the flute has exerted an irreplaceable and profound influence. Poets used to writepoems according to how they felt after hearing the flute. Inthe band, the flute as a wind instrument occupies a pivotalposition, known as "the king of the folk music" .
四、老齡化
聯(lián)合國(the United Nations)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定,當(dāng)-一個(gè)地 區(qū)65歲及以上的老人超過總?cè)丝诘?%時(shí)，該地區(qū)就被視為進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)(aging society)。老齡化會(huì)對(duì)國家財(cái)政造成巨大的影響,但老齡化的影響并不止于此。在老齡化社會(huì)里，勞動(dòng)力市場、儲(chǔ)蓄方式以及人口流動(dòng)都會(huì)發(fā)生變化。中國社會(huì)保障制度并不健全,大多數(shù)老年人都依靠子女贍養(yǎng)。小家庭的增多和傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀的缺失都會(huì)使老齡化問題更加嚴(yán)重,從而對(duì)中小家庭造成沉重負(fù)擔(dān)。
According to the standard of the United Nations, a
society is considered an aging one when the proportion ofpeople aged 65 and above is more than 7%. The impactsof aging on state finance are huge. However, the impactsare much wider. In an aging society, labor markets, savingpatterns and migration movements will change. The socialsecurity system in China is imperfect, and most of the elderly are supported by their children. The increase insmall families and the lack of traditional values magnifythe challenge, which places a heavy burden on small- andmiddle-sized households.
五、出行方式的轉(zhuǎn)變
中國人的出行方式經(jīng)過了一-個(gè)從"體力”到”便捷"的漫長過程。20世紀(jì)50至70年代，自行車是中國人最“拉風(fēng)”的交通工具，也是那個(gè)時(shí)期最具有符號(hào)意義的社會(huì)特征。20世紀(jì)80年代，摩托車(motorcycle)開始逐步成為交通工具中的“新寵”。從20世紀(jì)90年代初到現(xiàn)在隨著城市交通和汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展,加之生活節(jié)奏日漸忙碌,越來越多的人選擇以汽車代步私家車的數(shù)量以驚人的速度與日俱增,老百姓的生活“安”上了車輪。
The ways Chinese people adopt to get around have experienced a long process from depending on physicalstrength to taking convenient tools. From 1950s to 1970s,bicycles were the most fashionable means of transportation in China and also the most important characteristic of society during that time. In the 1 980s, motorcycles gradually became the new favorite. From theearly 1990s to the present, with the development of urbantraffic and automotive industry, as well as the increasinglybusy life, more and more people prefer private cars, making the number of private cars grow at a surprising speed. The life of ordinary people seems to be equippedwith wheels, moving ahead fast.
六、電子貨幣
近幾年，電子商務(wù)的迅猛發(fā)展加快了電子貨幣(electronicmoney)的普遍應(yīng)用。電子貨幣是通過電腦或手機(jī)等電子化方式來支付的貨幣。電子貨幣最典型的例子是比特幣(bitcoin) ,它可以用現(xiàn)金購買,還能像其他任何貨幣- -樣進(jìn)行交易。與現(xiàn)金支付相比,電子貨幣更加方便,增加了社會(huì)效益(social benefit) ,但對(duì)銀行經(jīng)營方式產(chǎn)生了沖擊。安全性- -直是電子貨幣使用過程中人們最為關(guān)注的問題，因此要建立完善的電子貨幣支付系統(tǒng)，保證支付的安全性。
E-commerce has undergone tremendous growth in recent years, accelerating the widespread application ofelectronic money. Electronic money is the currency whichis used to pay by electronic means like a computer or mobile phone. The most typical example of electronic money is the bitcoin, which can be bought with real moneyand used to trade like any other currency. Compared with the cash payment, it is more convenient and raises the social benefit, but it has an impact on the way the bankoperates. Security has always been the biggest concern inthe process of using electronic money, so it is required toestablish a perfect electronic money payment system toensure the security of payment.
七、自主創(chuàng)業(yè)
自主創(chuàng)業(yè)(self- employed)的好處之一是盈利歸自己所有,利潤是對(duì)自己努力、能力和創(chuàng)造力的回報(bào)。自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的第二個(gè)好處是個(gè)人才智和能力能直接反映在收入上。自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的第三個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)是自己做老板能夠控制自己的工作時(shí)間。但是創(chuàng)業(yè)并不是一-帆風(fēng)順(go smoothly)的事。首先,做自己的老板是把責(zé)任直接放到了個(gè)人的肩上。其次,自己做老板時(shí)，一單成功的生意可能會(huì)帶來很大的盈利,而一單失敗的生意可 能會(huì)造成破產(chǎn)。第三個(gè)弊端是沒有穩(wěn)定的工資,收入浮動(dòng)很大。
One of the advantages of being self-employed is thatthe profits that the business makes belong to the owner.The profits earned are the reward for the owner's effort,competence and creativity. Another advantage is that aperson's earnings directly reflect his intelligence andabilities. The third advantage of being self- employed isthat a person as the boss can control his working hours.However, being self-employed does not always go smoothly. First, being one's own boss means placing theresponsibility directly on that individual's shoulders. Second, though the self-employed can earn considerableprofits from a successful business deal, a failed one canforce them out of business. The third disadvantage is thatself-employed people have nо stable wage and their earnings can vary greatly.
八、共享經(jīng)濟(jì)
據(jù)報(bào)道，中國的共享經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)計(jì)將在未來五年內(nèi)保持30%以上的快速年增長率。中國共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展揭示了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的巨大活力和潛力，但它正面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)。隨著共享經(jīng)濟(jì)在交通工具、住宿、餐飲(catering)等領(lǐng)域的高速發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了個(gè)人信息泄漏(leakage)、資源浪費(fèi)和不公平競爭等新問題。共享經(jīng)濟(jì)問題背后的原因是復(fù)雜多樣的，但共同的問題是共享平臺(tái)的主要責(zé)任并未得到妥善落實(shí)。政府的-則通知指出，將依法對(duì)共享平臺(tái)的個(gè)人信息收集、使用、共享、轉(zhuǎn)移(transfer) 和公開行為加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管。
It is reported that China's sharing economy is expectedto maintain a rapid annual growth rate of more than 30%in the next five years. The rapid development of China's sharing economy reveals the tremendous vitality and potential of the Chinese economy, but it is facing many
challenges. With the rapid development of the sharing economy in the fields of transportation tools, accommodation, catering, etC, new problems such as personal information leakage, waste of resources and unfair competition have emerged. The reasons behind theproblems with the sharing economy are complex and diverse, but a common problem is that the main responsibility of the sharing platform has not been properly shouldered. A government notice has pointed outthat the government will strengthen supervision over thecollection, use, sharing, transfer and public disclosure ofpersonal information on sharing platforms.
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